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Admin on Tue May 26, 2009 7:02 am
Billie Berry
CTU Online
June 16, 2006
Group IP
HUM140-02
Instructor Starzyk
The Architecture of a Church
Durham Cathedral, Norman Architecture in England:
Construction of this Norman Architectural cathedral started in 1093 A.D. and continued
thru to its completion in 1135 A.D.. The buildings most recognized structure is the ribbed
vaulting (arched structure of masonry forming a ceiling or canopy) of the nave roof
(central approach to the high alter) that has pointed transverse arches supported with
composite piers (Wikipedia) that are alternated with its imposing spiral and zigzag
decorated Cylindrical Piers (or columns) with an even larger multiple columned
Compound Piers that support the spectacular diamond ribbing (thenortheast), and flying
buttresses (used to transmit the thrust of a vault across an intervening space) (Wikipedia),
or the lateral abutments that are concealed within the triforium located just above the
aisles (wikipedia).
The science of the pointed arch and ribbed vault gave way to the possibility to cover
more complicated ground plans. The buttressing was made to build taller buildings, like
the 66m tower with 325 steps to the top, as well as open up the spaces between walls to
create larger windows (wikipedia).
In the 13th century construction on the Chapel of the Nine Alters began at the eastern
end of the cathedral. The feature of this building is the large Rose Window that is ninety
feet around with the core depicting Christ surrounded by twelve apostles (thenortheast).
This feature was built in the 15th century after the previous tower was destroyed by
lightning.
Fleeing from their island home to avoid the Danish Vikings, monks needed a home for
the relics of St. Cuthbert. They built a church to house the jewels and scrolls that was
then torn down by the second Bishop William of St. Carileph (britainexpress).
Bishop William’s sole purpose for being set up there was to rule over the far north of
England to prevent any attacks from the people of Scotland. His designs of the nave,
transepts, choir and chapter house were finished in 1137 A.D. The Nine Alters was built
by Bishop Richard Le Poore between 1242 and 1274 A.D. During this time Durham
became the center of pilgrimage and the cathedral became a sanctuary for criminals
(bbc).
Saint Basil’s Cathedral: Roman Gothic
Commissioned by Ivan the Terrible and built between 1555 and 1561, this church
stands as a monument to Ivan’s successful military campaign against the Tartar Mongols,
which resulted in the capture of Khanate of Kazan (moscowtaxi).
This Russian Gothic church has nine chapels built on one foundation. The tint-like
roofs, with its delightful array of swirling colours and redbrick towers, were structured to
prevent snow from piling on the wooden buildings during a long winter (wikipedia,
moscowtaxi).
The architect, Postnik Yakovlev, united the nine hipped roofs in a striking circular
composition. The ninth chapel, housing the tomb of Basil the Blessed, design is based
on a deep religious symbolism. This was meant to be an architectural representation
of the new Jerusalem. The eight remaining towers are positioned around a central ninth
spire that forms an eight point star. The star symbolizes the Christian Church to be a
guiding light for mankind. The inside of the building, with maze like corridors and a
spiral staircase, is less spectacular than the brightly coloured roofs of the churches
exterior mask (moscowtaxi).
Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev: Ukrainian Baroque Style:
The first foundations of this church were laid in 1037 with the overall structure taking
two decades to finish. This church has fives naves, five apses and thirteen cupolas (dome
shaped structures located on top of a larger roof) surrounded by two-tier galleries from
three sides measuring 37 by 55 meters (wikipedia).
Constructed in honor of Prince Yaroslav the Wise’s victory over the Pecheneg tribe, his
son, Prince Vladimir, erected one of the earliest stone structures of Northern Russia. Its
façade represents a massive mosaic of coarsely trimmed irregular slabs of flagstone and
shell rock. In most areas of the exterior, the wall was covered with mortar that was
smoothly polished to imitate layers of brick. This made the façade look multicoloured,
unlike the white it has today. The interior is divided by huge piers into five aisles with
three of these aisles ending in altar apses (novgorod.ru).
An evaluation of the works:
The five dome church of Kiev may look more simpler than St. Basil’s, but it is no less
impressive. To look at them you would see many similarities since both have been
reconstructed with a Baroque and Renaissances type style. While St. Basil’s is quite
noticeable with its rich colours, St. Sophia has been given a quiet demeanor with its all
over white exterior.
The Durham Cathedral has nothing in common with Basil and Sophie. Durham’s castle
style is far from the domes of Russia. What can give these three churches some
similarities are the relics, stairways, and tombs that they hold.
References:
Wikipedia Contributors, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia (11 June, 2006). Durham Cathedral, Retrieved June 13, 2006 from http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durham_Cathedral
North East England History Pages, (2006). Durham Cathedral, Retrieved June 13, 2006 from http://www.thenortheast.fsnet.co.uk/DurhamCathedral.htm
BBC, (26 May, 2000). Durham Cathedral, Durham, United Kingdom, Retrieved June 13, 2006 from http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A296183
Moscow Hotels, JSC., (2001, 2006). St. Basils Cathedral, Retrieved June 13, 2006 from http://www.moscow-taxi.com/churches/st-basils-cathedral.htm
Wikipedia Contributors, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, (16 June, 2006). Saint Basil’s Cathedral, Retrieved June 13, 2006 from http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Basil’s_Cathedral
Wikipedia Contributors, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia (11 June, 2006). Russian Architecture, Retrieved June 15, 2006 from http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Architecture
Wikipedia Contributors, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia (16 June, 2006). Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev, Retrieved June 13, 2006 from http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Kiev
St. Sophia Cathedral, Retrieved June 15, 2006 from http://www.novgorod.ru/eng/hist/archit/arc_31.htm
CTU Online
June 16, 2006
Group IP
HUM140-02
Instructor Starzyk
The Architecture of a Church
Durham Cathedral, Norman Architecture in England:
Construction of this Norman Architectural cathedral started in 1093 A.D. and continued
thru to its completion in 1135 A.D.. The buildings most recognized structure is the ribbed
vaulting (arched structure of masonry forming a ceiling or canopy) of the nave roof
(central approach to the high alter) that has pointed transverse arches supported with
composite piers (Wikipedia) that are alternated with its imposing spiral and zigzag
decorated Cylindrical Piers (or columns) with an even larger multiple columned
Compound Piers that support the spectacular diamond ribbing (thenortheast), and flying
buttresses (used to transmit the thrust of a vault across an intervening space) (Wikipedia),
or the lateral abutments that are concealed within the triforium located just above the
aisles (wikipedia).
The science of the pointed arch and ribbed vault gave way to the possibility to cover
more complicated ground plans. The buttressing was made to build taller buildings, like
the 66m tower with 325 steps to the top, as well as open up the spaces between walls to
create larger windows (wikipedia).
In the 13th century construction on the Chapel of the Nine Alters began at the eastern
end of the cathedral. The feature of this building is the large Rose Window that is ninety
feet around with the core depicting Christ surrounded by twelve apostles (thenortheast).
This feature was built in the 15th century after the previous tower was destroyed by
lightning.
Fleeing from their island home to avoid the Danish Vikings, monks needed a home for
the relics of St. Cuthbert. They built a church to house the jewels and scrolls that was
then torn down by the second Bishop William of St. Carileph (britainexpress).
Bishop William’s sole purpose for being set up there was to rule over the far north of
England to prevent any attacks from the people of Scotland. His designs of the nave,
transepts, choir and chapter house were finished in 1137 A.D. The Nine Alters was built
by Bishop Richard Le Poore between 1242 and 1274 A.D. During this time Durham
became the center of pilgrimage and the cathedral became a sanctuary for criminals
(bbc).
Saint Basil’s Cathedral: Roman Gothic
Commissioned by Ivan the Terrible and built between 1555 and 1561, this church
stands as a monument to Ivan’s successful military campaign against the Tartar Mongols,
which resulted in the capture of Khanate of Kazan (moscowtaxi).
This Russian Gothic church has nine chapels built on one foundation. The tint-like
roofs, with its delightful array of swirling colours and redbrick towers, were structured to
prevent snow from piling on the wooden buildings during a long winter (wikipedia,
moscowtaxi).
The architect, Postnik Yakovlev, united the nine hipped roofs in a striking circular
composition. The ninth chapel, housing the tomb of Basil the Blessed, design is based
on a deep religious symbolism. This was meant to be an architectural representation
of the new Jerusalem. The eight remaining towers are positioned around a central ninth
spire that forms an eight point star. The star symbolizes the Christian Church to be a
guiding light for mankind. The inside of the building, with maze like corridors and a
spiral staircase, is less spectacular than the brightly coloured roofs of the churches
exterior mask (moscowtaxi).
Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev: Ukrainian Baroque Style:
The first foundations of this church were laid in 1037 with the overall structure taking
two decades to finish. This church has fives naves, five apses and thirteen cupolas (dome
shaped structures located on top of a larger roof) surrounded by two-tier galleries from
three sides measuring 37 by 55 meters (wikipedia).
Constructed in honor of Prince Yaroslav the Wise’s victory over the Pecheneg tribe, his
son, Prince Vladimir, erected one of the earliest stone structures of Northern Russia. Its
façade represents a massive mosaic of coarsely trimmed irregular slabs of flagstone and
shell rock. In most areas of the exterior, the wall was covered with mortar that was
smoothly polished to imitate layers of brick. This made the façade look multicoloured,
unlike the white it has today. The interior is divided by huge piers into five aisles with
three of these aisles ending in altar apses (novgorod.ru).
An evaluation of the works:
The five dome church of Kiev may look more simpler than St. Basil’s, but it is no less
impressive. To look at them you would see many similarities since both have been
reconstructed with a Baroque and Renaissances type style. While St. Basil’s is quite
noticeable with its rich colours, St. Sophia has been given a quiet demeanor with its all
over white exterior.
The Durham Cathedral has nothing in common with Basil and Sophie. Durham’s castle
style is far from the domes of Russia. What can give these three churches some
similarities are the relics, stairways, and tombs that they hold.
References:
Wikipedia Contributors, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia (11 June, 2006). Durham Cathedral, Retrieved June 13, 2006 from http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durham_Cathedral
North East England History Pages, (2006). Durham Cathedral, Retrieved June 13, 2006 from http://www.thenortheast.fsnet.co.uk/DurhamCathedral.htm
BBC, (26 May, 2000). Durham Cathedral, Durham, United Kingdom, Retrieved June 13, 2006 from http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A296183
Moscow Hotels, JSC., (2001, 2006). St. Basils Cathedral, Retrieved June 13, 2006 from http://www.moscow-taxi.com/churches/st-basils-cathedral.htm
Wikipedia Contributors, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, (16 June, 2006). Saint Basil’s Cathedral, Retrieved June 13, 2006 from http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Basil’s_Cathedral
Wikipedia Contributors, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia (11 June, 2006). Russian Architecture, Retrieved June 15, 2006 from http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Architecture
Wikipedia Contributors, Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia (16 June, 2006). Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kiev, Retrieved June 13, 2006 from http://www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Kiev
St. Sophia Cathedral, Retrieved June 15, 2006 from http://www.novgorod.ru/eng/hist/archit/arc_31.htm
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